With the recent development in digital technologies and the younger generation being more inclined to use technology, the future looks promising for technologies such as home treatments or portable light therapy. However, for now, having children spend more time in natural outdoor environments appears to be an effective and cost-effective way to control the increasing incidence of myopia.

As digital technology has evolved and the demand for academic excellence/higher education has become more pressing, children worldwide are now engaging in less outdoor activities compared to their counterparts a few decades ago. This change in behavior towards a more focused lifestyle with less exposure to external light has been consistently associated with an increasing prevalence of myopia.

The idea that exposure to outdoor light is protective against the development of myopia has been around since the late 18th century, suggesting that “persistence in outdoor exercise—should be followed with particular rigor” for a person at risk of developing myopia.
Many factors such as high intensity ambient light/illumination levels, spectral content of light exposure, reduced peripheral retinal defocusing due to equal dioptric field, increased depth of focus due to pupillary misalignment, loose fit, and increased amount of high spatial
frequency, are related to the protective effect of external light. More recent hypotheses also show possible associations with light exposure, circadian rhythm, melatonin level and eye development.

Light exposure and eye health

Considering these many factors, recent research has mainly focused on the effect
of light intensity and spectral content in eye development. Short-term exposure to moderate (500 lux) to high-intensity light (1000 lux) was shown to significantly slow axonal elongation
to the people. In another study, one-hour exposure to blue light resulted in a relative decrease in axial length compared to a substantial increase in axial length after exposure to long-wavelength light. The response remained unchanged in the presence of hyperopic focus. Similarly, exposure to ultraviolet light has also been shown to be protective against myopia.

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